Correct Answer: D

Explanation: In this problem you have been given high-dimensional independent variables like texts, corrections, test results etc. and you have to predict either valid or not valid (One of two). So all of the below technique can be applied to this problem. Support vector machines Naive Bayes Logistic regression Random decision forests

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The cold start problem is most prevalent in recommender systems. Recommender systems form a specific type of information filtering (IF) technique that attempts to present information items (movies, music, books, news, images, web pages) that are likely of interest to the user. Typically, a recommender system compares the user's profile to some reference characteristics. These characteristics may be from the information item (the content-based approach) or the user's social environment (the collaborative filtering approach). In the content-based approach, the system must be capable of matching the characteristics of an item against relevant features in the user's profile. In order to do this, it must first construct a sufficiently-detailed model of the user's tastes and preferences through preference elicitation. This may be done either explicitly (by querying the user) or implicitly (by observing the user's behaviour). In both cases, the cold start problem would imply that the user has to dedicate an amount of effort using the system in its 'dumb' state - contributing to the construction of their user profile - before the system can start providing any intelligent recommendations. Content-based filtering recommender systems use information about items or users to make recommendations, rather than user preferences, so it will perform well with little user preference data. Item-based and user-based collaborative filtering makes predictions based on users' preferences for items, os they will typically perform poorly with little user preference data. Logistic regression is not recommender system technique.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: In Phase 3, the data science team identifies candidate models to apply to the data for clustering, classifying, or finding relationships in the data depending on the goal of the project, It is during this phase that the team refers to the hypotheses developed in Phase 1, when they first became acquainted with the data and understanding the business problems or domain area. These hypotheses help the team frame the analytics to execute in Phase 4 and select the right methods to achieve its objectives. Some of the activities to consider in this phase include the following: Assess the structure of the datasets. The structure of the datasets is one factor that dictates the tools and analytical techniques for the next phase. Depending on whether the team plans to analyze textual data or transactional data, for example, different tools and approaches are required. Ensure that the analytical techniques enable the team to meet the business objectives and accept or reject the working hypotheses. Determine if the situation warrants a single model or a series of techniques as part of a larger analytic workflow. A few example models include association rules and logistic regression Other tools, such as Alpine Miner, enable users to set up a series of steps and analyses and can serve as a front-end user interface (Ul) for manipulating Big Data sources in PostgreSQL.

Correct Answer: ABC

Explanation: naive Bayes classifiers have worked quite well in many real-world situations, famously document classification and spam filtering. They requires a small amount of training data to estimate the necessary parameters

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Logistic regression is a model used for prediction of the probability of occurrence of an event. It makes use of several predictor variables that may be either numerical or categories.

Correct Answer: A

From the definition, P(A,B|C) P(B|C) =P(A,B.C)/P(C) P(B.C)/P(C) =P(A,B.C) P(B,C) =P(A|BC) This follows from the definition of conditional probability, applied twice: P(A,B)=(PA|B)P(B)

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Unsupervised learning seems much harder: the goal is to have the computer learn how to do something that we don't tell it how to do! The approach is to teach the agent not by giving explicit categorizations, but by using some sort of reward system to indicate success. Note that this type of training will generally fit into the decision problem framework because the goal is not to produce a classification but to make decisions that maximize rewards. This approach nicely generalizes to the real world, where agents might be rewarded for doing certain actions and punished fordoing others.

Correct Answer: ABC

Explanation: : Supervised learning asks the machine to learn from our data when we specify a target variable.

This reduces the machine's task to only divining some pattern from the input data to get the target variable.

In unsupervised learning we don't have a target variable as we did in classification and regression.

Instead of telling the machine Predict Y for our data X> we're asking What can you tell me about X?

Things we ask the machine to tell us about X may be What are the six best groups we can make out of X? or What three features occur together most frequently in X?

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Sup Supervised learning tasks Classification Regression k-Nearest Neighbors Linear Naive Bayes Locally weighted linear Support vector machines Ridge Decision trees Lasso Unsupervised learning tasks Clustering Density estimation k-Means Expectation maximization DBSCAN Parzen window

Correct Answer: C