Reading Material

(1)

A research team from the University of Bonn has succeeded for the first time in using light stimuli to

stop life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in mouse hearts. (2) Furthermore, as shown in computer

simulations at Johns Hopkins University, this technique could also be used successfully for human hearts.

(3)

The study opens up a whole new approach to the development of implantable optical defibrillators, in

which the strong electrical impulses of conventional defibrillators are replaced by gentler, pain-free light

impulses. (4) The Journal of Clinical Investigation has now published the results. (5) Ventricular fibrillation!

(6)

When the heart muscle races and no longer contracts in an orderly fashion, sudden death often follows

due to the lack of blood circulation. (7) In such an emergency, a defibrillator helps to restore normal heart

activity by means of intense electrical shocks. (8) In patients with a known risk for these arrhythmia, the

prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator is the treatment of choice. (9) If ventricular fibrillation is detected,

a pulse of electricity is automatically generated, which normalizes the excitation of the heart muscle and

saves the person's life.

(10)

"When an implanted defibrillator is triggered, which unfortunately can also happen because of false

detection of arrhythmia, it is always a very traumatic event for the patient", says the head of the study,

Junior-Professor Philipp Sasse of the Institute of Physiology I at the University of Bonn. (11) "The strong

electrical shock is very painful and can even damage the heart further". (12) Therefore, Professor Sasse's

team investigated the principles for a pain-free, gentler alternative. (13) As the scientists have now shown,

ventricular fibrillation can be stopped by optical defibrillation.

All of these statements are facts except ____.

A.

The triggering of an implanted defibrillator can be a painful experience for the cardiac patient.

B.

Optical defibrillation is the best alternative for all cardiac patients.

C.

When the heart does not contract in an orderly fashion, sudden death is often the result.

D.

Scientists successfully used light stimuli to stop cardiac arrhythmia in mouse hearts.

What word meaning "to complete or enhance when added" fits best in the sentence?

In order to retain weight and maintain a good nutritional status, the doctor wanted the patient to ________

his diet with additional foods containing protein.

A. template

B. blend

C. continue

D. supplement

Gender is best described as ______.

A. applying

B. sex

C. shape

D. predilection

To what does the word salpingo refer?

A. an artery

B. a bone

C. the spleen

D. a tube

Which of these sentences is written correctly?

A. The girl wanted he to take her to the store.

B. The girl wanted him to take her to the store.

C. The girl wanted him to take her to the store, hisself.

D. The girl wanted himself to take her to the store.

Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. When will you be able to go to dinner with ___________?

A. I

B. me

C. myself

D. ourselves

Which is not a morphology of bacterial classification?

A. Vibrio

B. Bacillus

C. Gram

D. coccus

The chemical 4[NH4Fe(SO4)2 × 12H] contains how many more hydrogen atoms than oxygen atoms?

A. 16 hydrogen atoms

B. There are more oxygen atoms than hydrogen atoms.

C. 32 hydrogen atoms

D. 64 hydrogen atoms

In the formula C12H22O11, the 12 following the carbon represents 12 ____ of carbon.

A. atoms

B. neutrons

C. electrons

D. molecules

What is the main function of calcitonin?

A. Increasing the absorption of calcium in the heart.

B. Decreasing the calcium concentration in the blood.

C. Preventing the increase in calcium in the bone marrow.

D. Inhibiting the processing of calcium in the muscle cells.

E. None of the above